到底应该怎么做，才能帮助孩子提升内驱力?
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><section style="margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><section style="display: none;" data-tools="新媒体管家" data-label="powered by xmt.cn"><br></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style=""><section><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;"> </span></section><section><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section><span style="">文章的开头，我们先思考一个问题：</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">▼</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 577.5px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);height: auto;border-style: none solid solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(159, 168, 218);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 40 40 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(159, 168, 218);height: 2px;line-height: 0;"><br></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px 0px 0px 26px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;"><section style="padding: 5px 15px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;background-color: rgb(159, 168, 218);border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px 26px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(159, 168, 218);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;"><p><strong>随堂思考</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: -2px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 40 40 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: justify;"><p><br></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 11px;"><section style="background-color: rgb(159, 168, 218);height: 2px;line-height: 0;"><br></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 573.516px;vertical-align: top;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(92, 107, 192);line-height: 1.8;"><p><br></p><p><strong>Q：如何让孩子讨厌玩电脑/手机游戏？</strong></p><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;"><section style="padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 553.516px;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 543.516px;height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 20px;text-align: center;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><p><br mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><section data-mpa-template="t" data-mpa-dynamic-material-category="clickBlank" data-mpa-category="动态" data-mpa-dynamic-material="t" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="background:#fff;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: #999;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p>(点击空白处查看内容)</p><p>▼</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;margin: 7px 0% 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;height: 280px;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><section data-mpa-click-blank-id="previewContent" style="padding: 0px 25px;box-sizing: border-box;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">如果家长拿出督促（鸡）孩子学习的方法，来督促（鸡）孩子玩电脑游戏，孩子一定能很快戒掉电脑游戏。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;" mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先，告诉孩子：人生就是游戏，连游戏这么简单都玩不好，人生肯定也混不好，长大肯定扫大街。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;" mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">然后，制定一个超出孩子能力的游戏目标，制定一个详尽的计划，并且设立一个达成目标后的物质奖励。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;" mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">孩子玩游戏时在旁边指手画脚，孩子操作失误的时候拍桌子瞪眼。孩子不愿意玩游戏的时候，告诉孩子：你看那个谁谁谁家的孩子玩游戏玩得多好多好，你怎么就不行。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;" mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">孩子终于达成游戏目标之后，马上给他物质奖励，用买好吃的、买玩具或者发零花钱来奖励孩子玩游戏的成果。</span></p><p><br style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;" mpa-from-tpl="t"></p><p><span style="font-size: 16px;">要不了多久，一旦大人不再监督（撤走外力），孩子绝对不会主动去碰这个游戏了。</span></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: -281px;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><svg width="100%" height="282" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);" mpa-from-tpl="t"><rect width="100%" height="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;opacity: 1;fill: rgb(254, 254, 254);" x="0%"></rect><set attributeName="visibility" from="visible" to="hidden" begin="click+2.5s" mpa-from-tpl="t"></set><animate attributeName="opacity" fill="freeze" to="0" from="1" dur="2.5" begin="click" restart="never" mpa-from-tpl="t"></animate></svg></section><section style="height: 0px;" mpa-from-tpl="t"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">答案是不是有点出乎意料？<br></span></section><section style="font-size: 15px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style=""><br></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;"><strong>这是非常典型的通过外力，毁掉孩子内驱力的例子。</strong></span></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">我一直认为<span style="">教育的终极目的就是</span></span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;">让孩子拥有解决问题的能力</span></strong></span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;">和</span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;text-align: center;">收获幸福的能力</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;"><span style="">。</span><span style="">而拥有</span><strong style=""><span style="color: rgb(190, 26, 29);">内驱力的孩子</span></strong><span style="">，<span style="">不仅学生时代成绩更好，更容易成为生活中的强者，事业里的达人，也更有可能过上幸福快乐的生活。</span></span></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">今天的文章，<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">来自<span style="">果壳旗下，垂直于育儿领域的「</span></span></span><span style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong>果壳童学馆</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">」，细致讲述了</span><strong><span style="">内驱力的真正含义</span></strong><span style="">，以及</span><strong><span style="">如何<span style="">利用内外驱力的区别，解决孩子教育上的一些问题</span></span></strong><span style="">。</span><span style="">文章深入浅出，非</span><span style="">常有参考意义。</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">果壳童学馆还整理了：</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style=""><br></span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: disc;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><li><section style="font-size: 16px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="">培养内驱力的三大核心要素</span></strong><span style=""></span></section></li><li><section style="font-size: 16px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><span style=""><strong style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;"><span style="">培养内驱力切实可行的三步大法</span></strong><span style=""></span></span></section></li><li><section style="font-size: 16px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;line-height: 2em;"><span style=""><strong style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;"><span style="">“如何巧用外驱力“的3个原则</span></strong></span></section></li></ul><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;"><strong style=""><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(190, 26, 29);">点击关注果壳童学馆，在公众号对话框回复“内驱力“，即可获得清单。</span></strong></span></section><section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp"><mpprofile class="js_uneditable custom_select_card mp_profile_iframe" data-pluginname="mpprofile" data-id="MzA4MDg0Mjk0MQ==" data-headimg="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/swjqjmWVbWOSZJJ0vp3hsKycScfuRbtMB5r20sojurKwtfiaPq6GAsj9jc7GuzYp6IOawTfWW4T2dvqiapeHMgcA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-nickname="果壳童学馆" data-alias="guokr_kid" data-signature="果壳童学馆是果壳旗下的亲子帐号。这里有一群好奇心爆棚、爱探索、爱实践的高知父母。提供大视野、体系化的教育观点，分享可信赖、有深度的育儿干货文章。给孩子以独立探索世界的方法，帮助他们在多变的未来成为独一无二的发光体。"></mpprofile></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/90eb9d0daad42bf9535cfc0e73a54dd1.jpeg</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style=""><strong style=""><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><br></span></strong></span></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/3e8154dca50ce63d0037520f0ba96835.png</span></p><section><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(28, 114, 49);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong><br></section><section style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">惩罚不能带来预期的教育结果</strong></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">在以色列的一家幼儿园里，由于家长总是在接孩子的时候迟到，于是幼儿园的管理者制定了一套罚款机制：</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">家长每迟到15分钟，就要交一份罚款，迟得越多罚得越多。</span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">结果，<span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong>家长的迟到率不仅没有下降，反而上升了60%</strong></span>。<span style="">这个结果令幼儿园管理层大为震惊。为什么会发生这样的情况呢？</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">原来，家长以前其实是非常努力不想迟到的，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">他们有强大的内在动机——他们不想耽误幼儿园老师的时间</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。尽管家长有时候工作所迫，确实忙得不可开交，但也</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">尽自己最大可能来减少迟到</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/e2f0f8843cab1f8a029a9245bfe6c3cb.png</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">现在有了罚款机制，</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">原本那种内在的道德束缚，就被外在的动机完全取代</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">。家长认为，既然我可以交罚款来迟到，那就相当于我花钱给孩子报了一个延时班，所以我想迟到就可以迟到了，迟到多久都没关系，反正我出了钱。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/35f4b94cd838627390e536062f5f460b.png</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">从这个真实的事件中，我们可以看出，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">惩罚往往并不能带来人们预期的教育效果</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">当然，随着教育学的主流观点的普及，很多家长已经知道惩罚的局限性了。<span style="">于是很多人会想，惩罚错误的行为既然不管用，那我们肯定应该奖励正确的行为了。</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">真是这样的吗？</section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/2f94ad3b39cd1017df089aaa6baedf67.png</span></p><section><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;background-color: rgb(28, 114, 49);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可预期的物质奖励，</strong></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">会破坏孩子对事物发自内心的喜爱。</strong></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">我们再来看一个故事。这是我十五年前，刚上初中时看到的文章，印象深刻，记忆至今。</span><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">有一个在胡同里独居的老人，每天傍晚吃完饭，喜欢坐在家门口安静地乘乘凉。忽然有一天开始，一群小学男生放学后，每天都跑到他门口的空地上玩踢罐子。乒里乓啷，又喊又叫，好不热闹。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">几天过去了，老人对这种巨大的噪音感到难以忍耐，于是他客气地把孩子们叫过来，问他们能不能不要踢罐子了。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">为首的孩子一口回绝了他：“我们最喜欢踢罐子了，你管不着！”孩子们不仅不走，还把罐子踢得更响了！</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">老人万分苦恼，跑去找他的朋友倾诉。朋友给他出了个主意，他虽然将信将疑，但没有别的办法，只能一试。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">于是，第二天，老人又把孩子们叫过来，跟他们说：“我昨天不应该赶你们走。这样吧，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">你们好好地踢罐子，给我表演你们最精彩的绝活儿，我给你们每人五块钱</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。”</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">孩子们一听，踢罐子还有钱拿，都高兴坏了，一个个使出浑身解数，拼命地踢罐子给老人表演，最后都拿到五块钱，开开心心走了。</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/8b528b2c9d4ba395b6fee2c7c93b351a.jpeg</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第三天，孩子们又来了，又是一顿大汗淋漓地表演，最后老人</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">给他们每人两块钱</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，他们觉得也不错，仍然心满意足地走了。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第四天，孩子们在筋疲力尽的表演过后，老人表现出很为难，说：“你们表演得不错，但是我实在没钱了，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">今天只能给你们每人五毛钱了</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。”</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">孩子们一听，都气急败坏：“我们踢得这么辛苦，你才给这么一点钱，是打发叫花子吗！我们以后再也不来给你表演了！”老人的生活从此恢复了宁静。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/f57aeb7c5d079b4ad67564de1431a52b.png</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">太奇怪了，</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong style="">奖励居然也会破坏孩子的积极性</strong></span><span style="">！这个故事会不会是编的？</span><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为了证明</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">“可预期的物质奖励”确实会破坏孩子对事物发自内心的喜爱</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">，来自斯坦福和密西根大学的两个心理学家做了一个著名的“画画实验”。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/00b3660a0f7aa73d908628230c5eaa02.jpeg</span></span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br><span style="font-size: 16px;">他们找来一群非常喜欢画画的孩子——在没有任何人干预的情况下，这些孩子自由活动时间最常选择去画画。实验随机分了两组：</span></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 513.785px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(233, 231, 231);box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(230, 179, 34);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 有奖励组 </span></strong></span>：让孩子们开始画画之前，<strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">先告诉他们，画画之后会得到一个漂亮的奖章</span></strong>。当孩子们画完了，每人都得到了奖章。</p><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style=""></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(230, 179, 34);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">没</span></strong><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">奖励组 </span></strong></span><span style="">：让孩让孩子们直接开始画画。</span><strong><span style="">之前不提奖励，之后也没有奖励</span></strong><span style="">，就是随便让孩子自发去画画。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">实验完成后，在接下来的几天之中，在孩子的幼儿园自由玩耍时间，实验者偷偷观察，并记录下孩子们选择画画的概率。发现：</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(233, 231, 231);box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style=""><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 有奖励组 </span></strong></span><span style="">：8.6%的情况下选择画画；</span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(230, 179, 34);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 没奖励组 </span></strong></span>：<span style="">16.7%的情况下选择画画。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我们看到，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实质性的奖励确确实实产生了相反的效果，孩子的内驱力直接减半。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">本来热爱画画的孩子，现在由于得到了奖励，反而不那么爱画画了！</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 18px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></strong></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/2cc8e203c61882578e85e6f3f822d64f.png</span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 18px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong style="font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 18px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内驱力到底是什么呢？</strong></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">当我们拥有</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">内驱力</span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">的时候，我们做一件事是因为自己感兴趣，真心喜欢，特别想做，做了就很开心很满足</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br><span style="font-size: 16px;">相比之下，如果我们做一件事是为了得到好处，为了追名逐利，即使不想做也咬牙坚持去做；或者有时候被逼无奈，不得不做，否则将面临严重的后果——在这些情况下，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">我们的驱动力是外在的，是为了获得奖励或躲避惩罚，这些就是</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">外驱力</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">为了让大家更好地理解，这里设计了2个趣味题，快来试试——</section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(233, 231, 231);box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url(https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/0db6227a55203023a8fe17d18e0cb46a.gif);background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(252, 70, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 88%;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">头悬梁锥刺股，是<span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内驱力</strong></span>还是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">外驱力</strong>？</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">A.内驱力</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">B.外驱力</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 88%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击空白处查看答案</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 88%;height: 100px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(225, 54, 89);font-size: 36px;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">B. 外驱力。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">所谓头悬梁锥刺股，就是说这个人本身是不想学习的。但是他意识到了学习能够带来的好处，比如功成名就，或者意识到了不学习的后果，比如穷困潦倒。总之，他用更大的痛苦来威胁自己，逼迫自己去选择相对小一点的痛苦：学习。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: -100px;height: 100px;"><section style="height: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg width="0" height="100%" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);width: 88%;" opacity="1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" style="opacity: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg width="100%" height="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><rect width="100%" height="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;opacity: 1;fill: rgb(254, 254, 254);" x="0%"></rect></svg></svg><animate style="box-sizing: border-box;" fill="freeze" attributeName="opacity" begin="click" from="1" to="0" dur="4" restart="never"></animate><animate style="box-sizing: border-box;" fill="freeze" attributeName="width" begin="click + 4s" from="1" to="0" dur="0.01" restart="never"></animate></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><br></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url(https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/0db6227a55203023a8fe17d18e0cb46a.gif);background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(252, 70, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 88%;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">股民炒股，是<span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">内驱力</strong></span>还是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);box-sizing: border-box;">外驱力</span></strong>？</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">A.内驱力</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">B.外驱力</p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 88%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击空白处查看答案</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 88%;height: 100px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(225, 54, 89);font-size: 36px;line-height: 0.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">职业股民往往是外驱力；业余股民往往是内驱力。</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(5, 5, 5);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">业余股民很多时候不仅赚不到钱，还会不断亏钱；但只要偶尔赚到一点，就像赌博赢钱一样刺激和快乐。所以驱使业余股民不断去被割韭菜的不是外在的钱，而是内在的“我可以”的错觉。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(5, 5, 5);box-sizing: border-box;">职业股民就不同了，他们以炒股为生、对产出和回报有很高的要求、有短期和长期目标、每天承受着市场的压力。一旦亏损，后果可能比普通人被裁员还严重，所以很难保持内驱力。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: -100px;height: 100px;"><section style="height: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg width="0" height="100%" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotateZ(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(0deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(0deg);width: 88%;" opacity="1"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" style="opacity: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg width="100%" height="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><rect width="100%" height="100%" style="box-sizing: border-box;opacity: 1;fill: rgb(254, 254, 254);" x="0%"></rect></svg></svg><animate style="box-sizing: border-box;" fill="freeze" attributeName="opacity" begin="click" from="1" to="0" dur="4" restart="never"></animate><animate style="box-sizing: border-box;" fill="freeze" attributeName="width" begin="click + 4s" from="1" to="0" dur="0.01" restart="never"></animate></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/f43525626c569973afba5a40ae154648.png</span></p><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: left;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 18px;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">内驱力好在哪？</strong><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为什么我们这么执着于内驱力呢？</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">内驱力和外驱力相比，究竟有什么好处</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">？</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">很多家长非常看重孩子的分数，我们直接拿学习成绩来对比一下。葡萄牙的一项心理学和教育学研究发现，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">即使是刚刚上小学的孩子，内驱力和外驱力也能给他们的成绩带来显著影响</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="font-size: 16px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><section style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 513.785px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;background-color: rgb(233, 231, 231);box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">实验结论</span></strong><br></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;"><span style=""><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="">小学一到四年级时，内驱力越强，成绩越好，二者高度相关。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style=""><br></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="">一到三年级时，外驱力与成绩不相关，对成绩没有明显影响；然而到了四年级时，</span><strong><span style="">外驱力变成负相关</span></strong><span style="">，即体验到更多外驱力的孩子，成绩会更差。</span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">这意味着，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">真正的学霸，即使在小学阶段，也不是靠家长督促（鸡血）出来的。</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">只有孩子真正喜欢学，有发自内心的动力去学，才有可能在学霸的路上持续前进。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">家长的监督，家长的执念，不仅不会提升孩子的成绩，到了高年级还会给孩子帮倒忙。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;">可能有家长要质疑了，身边很多<span style="">家长使劲推（鸡）孩子学习，然后孩子成绩非常好。这是否跟上面的实验结果不相符呢？</span></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/d11f8516b506a189af0d0d0d2609a86e.jpeg</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="">不是的。</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="">仔细观察，你会发现这些孩子一般是内外兼修，内驱力和外驱力都很强大。</span></strong></span><span style="">其中，</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;">内驱力主要帮助他学习，外驱力只能帮助他焦虑</span></strong></span><span style="">。如果去掉外驱力，让他们自行安排学习计划，他们的学习成绩很可能会更好；如果长期施加外驱力，内驱力会逐渐磨损，成绩很可能会逐渐下降。</span><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">归根结底，无论家长怎么试图去控制孩子，打也好骂也罢，买礼物给零花钱，每天盯着孩子做作业……都没有用，甚至适得其反。你可以逼迫一个人的身体，但是你逼迫不动他的脑子。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">我们能把孩子按在书桌前，我们能陪孩子耗到深夜，但我们没办法逼着孩子的大脑去认真理解、去消化吸收、去整合处理那些抽象又复杂的概念。</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">没有内驱力，碰到复杂的知识和问题，花多少时间和力气都没有意义。</span></strong></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(28, 120, 146);"><br></span></strong></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/c4f1518b8400a3ed2205454f503e740c.jpeg</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">但是你以为，内驱力的优势仅仅在于学习成绩吗？与外驱力相比，内驱力能够帮助人们更加深入地学习知识和概念，拥有更强的创造力、更强的认知灵活性、更强的问题解决能力，以及整体的幸福感提升。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">也就是说，</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">内驱力不仅让学生时代的孩子成绩更好，也能帮助他们成为生活中的强者，事业里的达人，而且更有可能过上幸福快乐的生活</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">而提供物质的奖励，或者严密地指挥、监督孩子学习，用截止期限或者惩罚的威胁来震住孩子，或者不断给出负面的评价反馈——总之，</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">任何试图操作、控制孩子的手段，都可以有效地降低孩子的自主感，从而直接减少孩子的内驱力。</span></strong></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/31417f1becc266fda06a8fd9b784d18f.jpeg</span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="font-size: 16px;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">的确，这些控制孩子的手段，确实可以（在大多数情况下）让孩子将任务完成。但是在这个过程中，孩子也会快速丧失对这个任务的兴趣。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">一旦外力撤走，孩子很容易就会放弃任务，没有什么坚持下去的动力。</span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">更糟糕的是，外驱力驱使下的学习，以不断重复、机械记忆为主，</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">只能解决简单、直接的问</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">题</span></strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，比如用题海战术来应对考试还可以。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">但是</span><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;">当他们面对真正的难题，实际生活中复杂的任务，需要整合资源和知识的时候，需要深度思考的时候，需要发挥创造力来完成的时</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">候</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">，</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">没有内驱力的孩子会表现得非常糟糕</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);font-size: 16px;">。</span></span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br></span></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/95e098f989a09123cecdb3972a850b90.jpeg</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">说了这么多，既不能奖励，也不能惩罚；既不能控制孩子，也不能完全失控。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">到底应该怎么做，才能帮助孩子提升内驱力，让他们走上自主学习的康庄大道呢？</span></strong></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">果壳童学馆在「</span><span style="color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">内驱力系列文章</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;">」中，仔细拆解，深入探讨了内驱力的方方面面，帮助大家在生活中保持甚至提高孩子的内驱力。</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style=""><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(36, 36, 36)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15945623137003="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15945623137003="rgb(255, 255, 255)"> - END -</strong></span></section><section><br></section><section style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;color: rgb(163, 163, 163) !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span data-darkmode-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16075045948497="rgb(163, 163, 163)" data-darkmode-original-color-16075045948497="rgb(0, 0, 0)" data-style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0.544px;">作者</span></strong><span data-darkmode-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16075045948497="rgb(136, 136, 136)" data-darkmode-original-color-16075045948497="rgb(136, 136, 136)" style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> |</span><span data-darkmode-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16075045948497="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16075045948497="rgb(163, 163, 163)" data-darkmode-original-color-16075045948497="rgb(63, 63, 63)" data-style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63); letter-spacing: 0.544px;" style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> </span></span><span style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;text-align: unset;">邱天，布朗大学心理系毕业，就职于清华THBI儿童认知研究所。</span></section><section style="line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><strong style="color: rgb(163, 163, 163);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">参考文献</span></strong><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"> |</span></section></section><section style=""><section style="display: inline-block;width: 676.992px;height: 90px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;"><section style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 643.125px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(206, 206, 206);line-height: 1.8;"><section style="font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">1. Anderson, R., Manoogian, S. T., & Reznick, J. S. (1976). The undermining and enhancing of intrinsic motivation in preschool children. Journal of personality and social psychology, 34(5), 915.</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;">2. Lemos, M. S., & Veríssimo, L. (2014). The relationships between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and achievement, along elementary school. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112, 930-938.</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;">3. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68.</span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;">4. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Intrinsic motivation. The corsini encyclopedia of psychology, 1-2.</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><span>https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/13/4c5b7e5a6ff94f7b6779189858c6accb.png</span></section><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 2em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;"><br></section><section><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);">文章来自果壳旗下，垂直于育儿领域的</span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(121, 123, 170);"><strong>果壳童学馆</strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);"><strong>。</strong></span></section><section><br></section><section><br></section></section></section></section>
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