著名脑科学家: 激活孩子大脑最好的三种方法: 运动、阅读和游戏
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><p style="margin-top: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">人的大脑神经细胞会再生，所以三岁定终生这种话是不对的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们要知道，没有所谓的“输在起跑线”。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">人生是一场马拉松，我们的孩子是要走到终点的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在这个过程中，孩子如果学的慢一点，没有关系。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(165, 165, 165); letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">人家的孩子练一次，我们的孩子可以练一百次，总是能学会的。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: hidden !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 441px !important;"></span></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(148, 138, 84); line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 14px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> ▲洪兰，台湾著名教育家，加州大学实验心理学博士，脑科学家，台湾第一位认知神经科学研究所所长</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">“虎妈狼爸”不可为</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">警惕不可逆脑损伤</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 158.906px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 中国人很喜欢打小孩，这一点是我怎么也想不通的事情。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 我曾经去过一个政府部门，这是全市只有几个人能考进来的地方。有一个听众，他告诉我说，他的孩子一岁两个月，被他打了以后，孩子会害怕会哭不要他抱。我就花了半个小时去跟他讲，不要打孩子，孩子还那么小，话都说不出来，你打他干什么呢？等我演讲完了，刚从会场出来，他就追出来，高声地问我：“那几岁可以开始打呢？”</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 我想从大脑科学的角度来解释一下为什么不要打孩子。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235) !important;background-size: 22px !important;background-position: center center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;height: 385.906px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 587px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-size: 13px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 大脑结构图</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 我们大脑里有个部分叫前脑，也叫做总裁脑。我们的计划，情绪控制，策略都是前脑负责控制的。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">前脑一旦受伤，人格可能改变。</strong></span>所以我常跟家长讲，不管孩子考试考的怎么样，绝对不能拎着孩子的头去撞墙。因为大脑的每个部分都很重要，比如下图中紫色和灰色交界的地方，是听觉皮质。中国人特别喜欢打小孩耳光，你把他打伤了听不见了怎么办呢？</span></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 即使没有打伤，但是经常打骂孩子，引起不好的情绪也会改变孩子的大脑。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235) !important;background-size: 22px !important;background-position: center center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;height: 352.682px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 534px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 汶川地震后幸存者脑部变化</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 汶川地震以后，曾经有一个很重要的实验。在地震发生25天之后，用核磁共振仪扫描受灾人员的大脑，发现主管情绪的大脑部分发生了巨大的改变。所以，我们看到，情绪可以极大地改变大脑。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">给孩子安全感，</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">才是孩子未来幸福的保障</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 191.984px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">恶劣的情绪会伤害孩子的大脑。所以我们要给孩子一个稳定的，充满安全感的情绪环境。那给孩子安全感有多重要呢？我用一个实验来说明。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大家知道小动物，比如小猴子，小老虎长得都很可爱对不对？那是为什么呢？因为它们都很小，没有自我保护能力，它长得可爱才能得到成年家族长辈的保护。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这里有一个实验，可以说明小动物最在意的是什么。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实验中，小猴子一出生就跟它的母亲隔离开来，科学家给它一个绒布妈妈和一个铁丝网妈妈。绒布妈妈很温暖，但身上没有奶瓶。铁丝网妈妈很冰冷，但是有奶瓶。我们中国人常说有奶便是娘对不对？错！小猴子所有时间都会挂在绒布妈妈的身上，就连他肚子饿想去吃奶的时候，也是用脚勾在绒布妈妈身上，嘴巴伸到铁丝网妈妈身上去吃奶瓶的。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235) !important;background-size: 22px !important;background-position: center center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;height: 449.905px !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 587px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 小猴子吃奶时用脚勾住绒布妈妈</span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实验人员发现，小猴子的妈妈们被拿走以后，小猴子马上抱着头缩在墙角里，表现出非常害怕的样子，给它再多玩具它也不要。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们看到，没有妈妈，没有安全感的小猴子长大后甚至是不能够正常交配的。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实验人员用人工授精的方式让它怀孕以后，它也会把孩子带死。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当然，我们人类不会这样做。但是我们也看到，在三岁的时候，每个月被打过一次的孩子，五岁时打人的概率比没有被打过的孩子高两倍以上。并且，将来长大后对他自己的后代使用暴力的几率也会比较高。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="padding-right: 50px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px; border-style: solid; width: 677px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); border-left-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">情绪处理不当会导致孩子厌学</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">著名大提琴演奏家马友友的妈妈写过一本非常棒的书。书中，她说到自己从来不曾因为儿子大提琴拉得不好就去打他。她说，如果孩子挨了打，他就会从此对大提琴产生恐惧，就可能再也不会去摸琴，他也就不会成为知名的大提琴演奏家。所以，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">孩子会因为恐惧而不去做一件事。</span></strong>你因为孩子数学不好打他，结果他看到数学就恐惧，越恐惧越不敢学习，结果一辈子都可能学不好数学。这是个很重要的观念：<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">孩子只要喜欢就会去做，而感到恐惧时就会逃避。</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="padding-right: 50px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px; border-style: solid; width: 677px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); border-left-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">允许孩子犯错，让他从错误中学习经验</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">很多家长说，我的小孩喜欢说谎，说谎就要打啊。其实，道理应该反过来，你不打他，他是不会跟你说谎的。因为在人的大脑里，说真话的时候会用比较少的血，而说假话的时候，需要编很多细节，不然就穿帮了，所以说假话要用较多的血。而我们的大脑则是天然倾向于用较少的血。也就说，大脑更爱说真话。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">另外一方面，当你允许孩子犯错的时候，孩子对于别人的过错也会表现得比较宽容。这个宽容心就是我们大人养成的。如果我们对错误赶尽杀绝，不允许孩子犯错，他就会想尽办法去欺骗你。爱因斯坦说过：“不曾犯过错误的人，表示他从未尝试过新的事物。”</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">允许孩子犯错，让他从错误中学习经验，只有这样才能不再犯同样的错误。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">不是赢在起点，而是胜在终点</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 225.078px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">今天我要跟大家澄清两个教条：大脑不能改变；神经细胞不能再生。前面已经讲过，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">大脑是可以被改变的，情绪就可以造成改变。另外，神经细胞也是可以再生的。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们看下面图中橘色的部分，形状像海马的，叫做海马回。这个部分损坏就会失忆，阿兹海默症就是海马回这个部分受损造成的。海马回前面有个部位叫做齿状回，新生的神经细胞会回到这里来。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 622px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 海马回</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有位89岁的老人家患鼻咽癌，治疗他的时候需要注射放射性的药水，以便追踪癌细胞的扩散。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">注射三天后，老人家就过世了。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">经家属同意解刨大脑，就发现齿状回这个地方是发亮的，这表示他在注射完放射性的药水后生长出了新的神经细胞。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1998年的这个实验非常重要，是医学界的革命性的发现，但更重要的意义还是在教育领域。人的大脑神经细胞会再生，所以三岁定终生这种话是不对的。同时，我们也要知道，没有所谓的“输在起跑线”。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们的人生是一个马拉松，我们的孩子是要走到终点的。</span></strong>在这个过程中，孩子如果学的慢一点，没有关系。人家的孩子练一次，我们的孩子可以练一百次，总是能学会的。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有这样一个实验：将同一窝出生的老鼠，随机分成两组，注射放射性的药水。一组老鼠被设计走比较简单的迷宫，另一组老鼠被设计走比较难的迷宫，走出来后才会找到东西吃。三个月后，老鼠们发育成熟。经解剖发现，走较简单迷宫的老鼠的大脑神经细胞比较少，而另一组走较困难迷宫的老鼠的大脑神经细胞较多。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">苏东坡被流放杭州的时候，研制出用文火慢炖猪肉做成红烧肉，后来被称为“东坡肉”。他说：“待他自熟莫催他，火候足时他自美”。其实，孩子的成长也是一样，我们家长需要对孩子有耐心。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">用欣赏的眼光，建设正向循环</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 225.078px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不止情绪可以改变我们的大脑，我们的学习经验、压力和创伤都可以改变大脑。可以说，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们的大脑是在不断地根据外界的需求改变对神经网络连接，从而让我们更好地适应外界的变化。</span></strong></span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 580px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 大脑地图</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">曾经有位女明星在事业如日中天的时候患了中风，她的整个左脑坏掉。因为左脑负责右半部分的身体活动，所以她的右眼戴着眼罩，嘴巴不能说话，右边的身体瘫痪。医生告诉她，她这辈子不可能上台演戏了。然而她非常不愿意接受这样的结果，因此她非常努力的参加复健。十年以后，她再次登上舞台，全体观众起立为她鼓掌。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 600px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 女明星生病后</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">她当年受伤的时候没有核磁共振技术，只有电脑断层扫描，是静态组织的图片。发现左脑区域完全是黑色的，说明已经坏死了。后来，核磁共振的技术发明后，科研人员请她去做大脑的扫描，发现右脑运动区域接管了左脑的功能。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从这个实验，我们可以发现，大脑是一直不停地，因为外界的需求而改变神经的分配，产生的结果又回过头来改变大脑，也就是说它是一个循环。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 566px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 大脑、观念、行为和结果之间的循环图</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">家长嫌孩子不够好，主要是因为拿自己的孩子和别人的孩子做比较。先天基因不同，后天环境不同，造就不一样的孩子，做比较对孩子不公平。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">家长不能总是将自己的孩子贬低到尘埃里，总是贬低孩子，有一天孩子就会真的低到尘埃里。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">父母应该顺其自然，教会孩子了解自己的长处，接受自己的短处。用欣赏的眼光，鼓励孩子发展自己的能力，不断进步，建设属于孩子的正向循环。</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">要想孩子学的好，需掌握这三大法宝</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 274.719px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="padding-right: 50px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px; border-style: solid; width: 677px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); border-left-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">法宝一：</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">游戏</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">现在很多家长有着深深地焦虑，总是想让孩子多学点。小小的婴儿，从摇篮里一醒过来就开始放英语录音给他听。其实，游戏才是学习的好伙伴，而最好的游戏就是和同伴玩。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大家可以仔细想一想，哪怕是会说话的机器人，按下按钮，它也只是会说“Hello”，再按一下按钮，会说“How are you”。但是人不一样，孩子跟朋友玩的时候有各种可能性，我们甚至看到两个孩子没有任何的玩具就玩对方的手。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 607px !important;"></span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们有些家长对待孩子，总是希望他不要去玩，最好20个小时都在念书。这其实是不对的。游戏不是学习的敌人，是学习的伙伴。通过游戏，孩子可以学习如何处理人际关系。而且我们发现，<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">会玩的孩子其学业成绩也会比较好，EQ高。</span></strong>所以，我们要让孩子在游戏中学习，在集体中成长。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="padding-right: 50px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px; border-style: solid; width: 677px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); border-left-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">法宝二：</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">运动</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">人在运动的时候，人的大脑会产生三种神经传导物质：多巴胺、血清张素和正肾上腺素。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 583px !important;"></span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们知道，医生给多动症孩子开的药叫利他林，是为了增加患儿大脑的多巴胺，增加自控能力。对忧郁症的患者，医生会开百忧解，是为了让患者大脑的血清张素增加，因为血清张素可以镇定情绪，有助于缓解焦虑。而正肾上腺素的作用就是使人比较专注。其实这些药物带给人的东西，通过运动就可以得到。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">并且我们通过实验发现，一直运动的老鼠的海马回比没有运动的老鼠的海马回大15%，其重量多了9%。在对老鼠的研究中，一直保持运动的两岁的老鼠——相当于人类90岁，它的大脑和6个月的老鼠一样年轻。所以，小孩子在运动后去做功课的效果是最好的，因为运动后，大脑会分泌大脑的营养素BNDF——其可以促进神经细胞长出新的分支。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;"></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="padding-right: 50px; padding-left: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px; border-style: solid; width: 677px; border-right-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); border-left-color: rgb(227, 108, 10); display: inline-block;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(227, 108, 10);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">法宝三：</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">广泛地阅读</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">新加坡的李光耀认为，新加坡是小国，没有自然的资源，最大的资源是国民的脑力。那怎么提升国民的脑力呢？他认为，国民必须要有快速提取信息的能力，还要有正确表达自己意思的能力。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 611px !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: justify; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); font-family: 微软雅黑, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 背景知识对理解的影响</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">而阅读就是吸取信息最快的一个方式。</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">同时，阅读改变大脑。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大家知道我们跟黑猩猩98.5%的基因是相同的，有1.5%的基因不同。曾经有一次我们研究所的博士班考试题目就是：从演化的观点来解释，为什么我们跟黑猩猩的基因只有1.5%是不同的，可是我们和黑猩猩的现状却有如此大的差异？</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">差异在于我们有文字的传承，我们有阅读的能力，我们是所有动物里面唯一能够享受到祖先智慧的动物。</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>牛顿说，我们是站在巨人的肩膀上，这句话是有道理的。阅读很重要，但是更重要的是，你的背景知识决定你所看到的东西。</span></section><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 621px !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 15px; margin-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(127, 127, 127); box-sizing: border-box !important;">▲ 阅读对大脑的好处</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: top; display: inline-block;"><section style="margin-bottom: 4px; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(161, 67, 91);"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">孩子的自制力是成败的关键</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 208.531px; height: 2px; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 30px; padding-left: 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.6px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">曾经有实验追踪1970年4月出生的17000名婴儿到2008年，这些婴儿已经38岁时。<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">研究结果显示：决定他们成败关键因素是自制、正直和毅力。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">如何才能培养孩子的自制力？</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">最好的办法是给孩子制定规则和底线。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">规则和底线不会让孩子感到难受，因为他需要知道什么情况是底线，会得到怎样的反馈，这样才会有安全感。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在规则以内，他的活动是自由的。但是如果没有规则，他就不知道什么时候会踩到底线。我们前面也说过，小孩子最害怕没有安全感。今天家长打牌赢了，心情好，给小孩子一百块。第二天，打牌输了，看见小孩子就生气，打他一耳光。这种就太可怕了，因为家长的行为他无法预期，就会无所适从。</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); box-sizing: border-box !important;">孩子是通过别人管理才能学会管理自己，没有外在的控制就不会有内在的自制。</span></strong></span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果你要去市场，事先就要和孩子说好，只能买一个玩具。去了以后，选他喜欢的一个玩具。可是市场会把糖果、口香糖等都摆在结账的地方，小孩子一看到就可能要闹了，要买糖。这时候怎么办？</span></section><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们可以借鉴美国妈妈的一个做法。美国妈妈把孩子抱出去，放在汽车安全座椅上，等待他哭完，平静下来，再和孩子讲道理。我们做过实验，两岁的孩子哭两分钟，五岁的孩子哭五分钟没有问题的。小孩子没有那么傻的，不会哭给空气听。孩子是知道是非的，他只是要测验你的底线在哪里。</span><span style="color: rgb(214, 214, 214); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 2px;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(214, 214, 214); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; widows: 1; box-sizing: border-box !important;">【图文来源网络】如有侵权，联系速删，谢谢！</span></p></section><p data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-style="margin: 10px 16px 5px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: medium; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(163, 163, 163) !important;" class="js_darkmode__82" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(163, 163, 163)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)" style="margin: 10px 16px 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: medium; letter-spacing: 0.54px; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: normal; box-sizing: border-box !important; color: rgb(163, 163, 163) !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(153, 153, 153)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(153, 153, 153)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); letter-spacing: 1px; font-family: 微软雅黑; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(136, 136, 136)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(136, 136, 136)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(163, 163, 163)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)" data-style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" class="js_darkmode__83" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(163, 163, 163)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); font-family: PingFangSC-Light; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 34px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong data-darkmode-bgcolor-16235117860882="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16235117860882="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16235117860882="#fff|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-16249610703190="rgb(25, 25, 25)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-color-16249610703190="rgb(61, 170, 214)" data-darkmode-original-color-16249610703190="#fff|rgb(163, 163, 163)|rgb(153, 153, 153)|rgb(136, 136, 136)|rgb(62, 62, 62)|rgb(61, 170, 214)" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">——END——<br></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></strong></strong></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「幽兰心理」，搜索「ygxlcare」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ws_XyxevY8fjQWIBaL6qrA">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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