疫情下，儿童焦虑该如何缓解？听心理专家怎么说
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; justify-content: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; min-width: 10%; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(167, 220, 251); visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px; visibility: visible;">当前疫情防控形势十分严峻，全国多地出现感染者，有些单位的员工居家办公许久，学校也大幅停课，转为线上学习。</span><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">孩子们的正常生活被打乱，家庭旅行也临时取消了，也不能和小伙伴一起玩乐，回校上课显得遥遥无期……</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">这种长时间在疫情阴影下的生活确实会给人们带来紧张、恐慌的心理。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">特别是中小学生，他们正处于认知能力发展过程，情绪控制能力还未发育完全。在疫情的影响下，他们会产生焦虑的情绪。</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 643.141px; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 643.141px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px; visibility: visible;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">家庭该如何帮助孩子缓解焦虑呢？</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">来自英国雷丁大学（Reading University）的克里斯维尔教授（Cathy Creswell），专门研究儿童焦虑症，还出版了几本如何克服儿童焦虑症的书。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">通过多年的研究，克里斯维尔教授总结出了6个实用、有效的方法，引导家长做些工作帮助孩子减轻焦虑带来的痛苦。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">01 承认孩子的恐惧</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">面对孩子的恐惧，请不要否定：别担心，这种事不会发生。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">而是要孩子准备好面对不同时期的焦虑和害怕。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">4至8岁的儿童可能会怕鬼，对恶魔甚至日常动物感到害怕。年龄稍大些的儿童更容易担心害怕遭遇生活中确实存在却极少发生的事情，如谋杀、恐怖主义或核战争。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">无论孩子多大，都不要简单地忽视他们的担心、焦虑和恐惧；简单地安慰他们这些事情都不会发生，或暗示他们这么想傻乎乎，这些都不可能从根本上帮助孩子免于焦虑。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">相反，<strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">家长真正应该做的，是正视和承认小孩的恐惧与担心，并对他们表示理解</strong>。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">02 不因孩子忧虑而改变日常</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">没有必要帮孩子想办法，</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">而是让他们自己想出解决办法，</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">如果他们要求帮忙才帮忙。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">不要围绕孩子的担心害怕而改变日常生活，否则就让孩子没有机会学习到，他们是可以应对生活当中让他们害怕的事情</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">如果你的孩子怕狗，见到对面有狗过来，你可能想赶快带孩子避开。但是如果这么做，释放出的信息是，孩子对狗的恐惧是正确的。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">不围绕孩子的恐惧而改变生活，并不是说逼迫孩子面对那些让他们恐惧万分的东西，相反应该支持他们一步步克服恐惧，直到可以坦然面对。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">03.耐心倾听，而不是帮他们找答案</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">不要帮他们找答案，而是耐心倾听。</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">不要总是问“怎么了”，而是观察孩子的行为。</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">要得到更多的信息，<strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">沟通是关键</strong>。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">这要求家长不必总是询问孩子的感受，就能非常理解孩子在什么时候有怎样的感受。一定要确保自己仔细倾听发现孩子恐惧背后的原因。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">家长通常很容易帮助孩子拿出解决方案，但是相反，家长应该让孩子解释他们到底害怕什么，仔细倾听，因为孩子害怕发生的事情可能是基于某个错误的认知。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">克里斯维尔教授说，自己小时候很害怕坐高速火车。“我站在月台上看到火车呼啸而过，我以为坐在火车上就是这样的感受。”</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">你只有知道了孩子到底在担心害怕什么才能提供到位的帮助。</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; width: 643.141px; height: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 643.141px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">04.通过提问帮他们认清现实</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">可以问他们以前曾发生过什么事情，让他们觉得害怕的事情可能会发生。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">慢慢地帮助他们看到，他们因为某件事情而引发的担心，实际上根本不可能发生，或者即便真的发生了，他们也完全有能力应对。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">鼓励并帮助孩子形成心理上的战略战术，这样他们就能管理好自己的恐惧和担心。</span></strong></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">例如，如果他们害怕上台表演，就让他们问自己：</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-left: 3px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">可能发生的最坏情况是什么？</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">是害怕忘记台词呢？还是害怕在台上跌倒？</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">同时也让他们问自己：最好的情况又是什么？会不会表演得异常精彩，或是星探会上门让他们去演一部好莱坞大片？</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">而最大的可能是，既不会最糟糕，也不会最精彩，应该就是介于最好和最坏之间。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">05.学会制定计划，对抗恐惧</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">帮助孩子学会应对策略，制定计划，</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">每完成一个步骤，就赞扬和奖励孩子。</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">赞扬有助于孩子建立自信。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">雷丁大学正在做的一件事，就是教育家长培养孩子的自信心：<strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">帮助孩子计划用10个步骤来做成他们害怕担心的事情</strong>。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">这些都是家长对孩子所做努力的肯定，同时也鼓励他们面对棘手难题勇于去尝试。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">教育部门及学校也高度重视疫情期间学生的学习，要求家长及学生<strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">制定学习计划</strong>，这是非常有必要的。</span></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; border-left: 3px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-size: 15px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">有计划，孩子才有目标，有方向，知道自己要做哪些事情。</p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">学习计划要能达到学习的目的，同时有家务劳动、简单体育运动（拍球、跳绳等）、亲子游戏、读书、看电影(或动画片）等，即可以锻炼身体也可以陶冶情操。计划要规定时间段，易于孩子完成。</p></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; line-height: 0;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start;"><section style="margin-right: 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 10px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; align-self: flex-end;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: perspective(0px); transform-style: flat;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; transform: rotateX(180deg);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 3px; height: 16px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; background-color: rgb(169, 207, 245);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding: 4px 4px 4px 11px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(169, 207, 245); border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; flex: 0 0 auto; align-self: flex-end; min-width: 10%; height: auto;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">06.偶尔焦虑很正常</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="padding-right: 8px; padding-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 0.8px;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">焦虑担心是生活的一部分，</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">我们需要学的是如何应对。</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">生活并不是为了十全十美，</span><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.8px;">而是为了学会怎么让生活更美好。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">但是，如果焦虑经常给孩子造成困扰，让他们躲避每天应该面对的事情，甚至错过某些重要的环节，那么就有必要寻求更多的专家建议。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">家长可以阅读书籍，了解可以采取哪些策略或者与医生联系寻求帮助，开始认知行为治疗。有一点要记住，你不要指望消除孩子生活中的所有焦虑。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">家长的终极目标是帮助孩子对生活当中的不确定因素习以为常，而不是要消除所有担心</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">学会控制自己的情绪，也是孩子成长的一部分。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;">当我们成年以后，会更好地处理生活中的担心和害怕，因为我们知道从什么角度去看问题，而且绝大部分的问题都是我们可以应对自如的。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 15px;"><br></span></p><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 183, 77);"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin-top: -2em; margin-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;">END</p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; visibility: visible;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"><section style="margin-top: -2em; margin-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「瀚思心理咨询中心」，搜索「hansizx」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EJLmh3tQtrAaFGssLCHIOw">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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