李希贵：让孩子回归内动力，必须让学习“有意思、有意义、有可能”
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-size: 16px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="margin: 5px 16px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="padding: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; width: 677px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><section style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 1.5px; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-decoration-style: solid; text-decoration-color: rgb(136, 136, 136); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">孩子学习的动力完全由考试决定，快考试了就临时“抱佛脚”抓紧学习，没考试时就没有学习的动力。原因就在于孩子的学习一直是靠外动力在驱动。在学校的教育教学中，如何让孩子的学习回到内动力上呢？请看李希贵校长实施的教学设计——</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; text-align: justify; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;"></span></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;">之前，有位朋友跟我建议，学期中间除了期中考试能不能再加一次考试？因为他正在上初一的孩子只有在考试的时候才拥有学习的动力。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这又一次给了我很大的刺激。一直以来，<span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们的教育在用一种“竞争”的方式启动着孩子们学习和成长的动力，一旦失去竞争，他们就丧失了这个动力。而且，这种动力都是外在的动力，而不是内动力</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这让我想起了“教育的未来”这个报告提出的：我们未来培养的，或者我们今天应有的孩子，他们身上的品格应该有合作和团结。但是，合作和团结绝对不是靠一系列的过度竞争来培育的。那我们的学校如何将这个建议落实？怎样才能够在校园里看到未来的孩子身上应有的合作和团结？我们在学校里实施了一项工程，叫回到内动力。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;">什么是学生回到内动力？<span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们必须让整个学习过程“有意思、有意义、有可能”</span>。但是现在的课程逻辑和教学逻辑，从全球来看，基本还是从知识，到技能，到学科，然后到问题。我们必须做一次颠覆，从问题开始，然后根据它找到学科、找到知识。<span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在应对挑战、应对问题解决的过程中，我们不仅仅找到了学科、找到了知识，更重要的是找到了一种整合知识、解决问题的思维方式和方法</span>。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 546px;visibility: visible !important;height: 383px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在30多所学校中，有幼儿园、小学、初中、高中，我们正在推进一个叫“任务学习”的实验。“任务学习”，即挑战，我们给学生一个个挑战，然后令这些挑战“有意思、有意义、有可能”。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">什么是有意思？</span>就是突破孩子的认知，超出他的预期。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">什么叫有意义？</span>就是高挑战、有价值。 </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-weight: bolder; box-sizing: border-box !important;">什么叫有可能？</span>就是基于学生的最近发展区来发现学生的潜能。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">举个例子，在第一个“突破认知、超出预期”板块中，我们给小学生布置了这样一些作业。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">班里养了一只乌龟，请代它写一周日记，并回家讲给爸爸妈妈听。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">你是一位驯鹿员，如何让放养的麋鹿不吃校园植物。因为我们很多学校现在都养着动物，其中一些学校放养着鹿，这些鹿都到教室去听课，但怎么确保它不吃你不想让它吃的食物？</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作为电影院的义工，如何帮助视障者看电影。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 578px;visibility: visible !important;height: 355px;"></span></section><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就是这样一些任务，给学生带来了有意思、超出预期的挑战。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在第二个“高挑战、有价值”板块中，为什么我们现在还是改不了教的逻辑，一进教室就要控制学生？因为我们在两个维度上有问题，一个维度是认知的复杂性，我们着重于知识、技艺、技能的层面，即认知的低阶，那么必然在另一个维度——学生的自主性上没法放开。因为前者都是零碎知识的学习，没法给学生更多、更长的时间来探索，所以，也就难以给学生高认知的挑战，这造成了恶性循环。所以我们必须把这两个维度进行平衡，在认知的复杂性维度上，帮学生解决创新前移的问题，然后才能在另一个维度——学生的自主性上，给学生更多的空间、时间和资源。这才是从教走到学的路程。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">同样举个例子。初中学《傲慢与偏见》，一个初中学生基本都能从《傲慢与偏见》的五个女孩和两个男孩中找到自己的影子，而且在这期间，他只要解决了傲慢和偏见的两个要害问题，青春期就会比较顺利。因此，《傲慢与偏见》是初一阶段很重要的一个学习任务，我们开展了如下的教学设计。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《简·爱》的作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特认为简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》对人物内心世界的描写不够，于是两位作家发生“论战”，纷纷在文学评论杂志上发表文章。你作为杂志主编，需要为这个“论战”栏目写一个编者按。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;height: 364px;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;white-space: normal;outline: 0px;width: 546px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></section><p style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是一个真实的问题，确实勃朗特当初挑战过奥斯汀。但作为主编的你，不是要去批判哪一个作家，而是要赢得所有的作家，同时你要有你自己的观点。这就是一个高挑战的问题。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">学校的戏剧老师本学期将排演话剧《傲慢与偏见》，请你与小组成员一起，共同为戏剧老师提供一个《傲慢与偏见》5女2男的选角指南。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这是一个真实的任务，我们学校的确有《傲慢与偏见》的音乐剧和话剧，所以戏剧老师确实需要同学们给他们提供真正的指南。老师到教室发布需求，学生完成后，由老师来评判是否合格。这就是有价值，即做出来的东西是有用处的，这时学生的内动力就生长起来了。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在第三个“基于最近发展区来发现自我潜能”板块中，我们在跟学生设计任务的时候，无法令所有的任务都是真实的，但我们可以靠近学生的心理体验、成长环境，设计在现实生活当中学生可能发生、遇到的任务。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 578px;visibility: visible !important;height: 395px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比如我们有人文与社会、道德与法治学科，在个体、群体、社会这些学习模块里面给学生提供了两部书，一部是《男生贾里女生贾梅》，代表1990年代；一部是《十七岁不哭》，代表2000年代，让学生进入这两个时代，了解当时的社会，了解当时同龄人的心态和他们的社会交往状况。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我们给了学生一个任务：自己选择成为《十七岁不哭》中的某一个角色，以你认为合适的方式，给正在遭遇某一次挫折的贾里或贾梅一个安慰。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这些孩子都是初中学生，而这两部小说也都是描述初中学生的，所以是基于最近发展区的；与此同时，我们给学生可以选择的任务，你选择哪一个角色？你以什么方式安慰？你选哪一次挫折？之所以让学生自主选择，就是希望每一个孩子都在这个过程里找到自己，找到自己适合的，找到自己能够的，找到自己可能的。慢慢这样的作业多了，他就会不断发现自己的潜能。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Microsoft Yahei", Avenir, STHeiti, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 2em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; letter-spacing: 2px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">最后，我想用“教育的未来”一句话结尾：“假如学校不曾存在，我们也需要把它发明出来。”但是我们今天发明的学校，必须使我们培养的孩子懂得合作和团结，以应对这个不确定性的世界。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「中国教育三十人论坛」，搜索「ce30ce」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/BqeHHJxSbpuC11rlpBu6hQ">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>教育部党组成员李希贵表示，让孩子回归内动力，必须让学习“有意思、有意义、有可能”。他指出，学校应该关注学生的个性差异和需求，鼓励创新思维和实践能力，培养他们的自主学习和问题解决能力。同时，家庭也要为孩子提供一个温馨的学习环境，通过谈心、共处、互动等方式加深亲子关系，帮助孩子们建立正确的价值观和人生观，让他们拥有从内心驱动的学习动力。
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