自我、本我、超我，哪个是我？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="title" data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122096"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 21px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 21px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">不了解心理学的小伙伴们，可能会想：“什么乱七八糟的东西，自我、本我、超我。我就是我，是颜色不一样的烟火。”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">稳住、稳住，小伙伴们不要起飞。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">且听我慢慢道来。其实，</span><span style="color:#ac1d10;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">自我、本我、超我是弗洛伊德提出的人格结构理论。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="color:#ac1d10;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span><strong style="color: rgb(172, 29, 16);text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">弗洛伊德认为完整的人格结构由</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">三大部分</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">组成，即</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">本我、自我和超我</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122079" data-width="95%" style="max-width: 95% !important;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 95%;flex: 0 0 95%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;margin-bottom: -25px;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">一</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">：</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">本</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">我</strong></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 223, 114);border-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(125, 86, 76); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; padding: 40px 25px 15px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size:15px;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;">“本我”处于人格结构的最底层；由先天本能、基本欲望组成，是贮存心理能量的地方；它寻求直接地和立即地满足需要，只受 “快乐原则” 支配。它完全不懂什么是价值，什么是善恶和什么是道德，只知道为了满足自己的需要不惜付出一切代价。</span></span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑;">比如：婴儿对这个世界并不了解，饿了就要哭，需要食物满足。他们不开心就要哭，并不能考虑到父母是否已经休息了。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122079" data-width="95%" style="max-width: 95% !important;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 95%;flex: 0 0 95%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;margin-bottom: -25px;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">二</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">：</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">自</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">我</strong></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 223, 114);border-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(125, 86, 76); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; padding: 40px 25px 15px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">“自我” 处于人格结构的中间层；由本我中逐渐分化出来的，是现实化了的本能；“自我”需要满足“本我”的需要，但是同时还要受到“超我”的监督。它会站在现实的角度上，适度满足本我的一些需要，同时避免违背一些道德准则。因此“自我”受“现实原则”支配。其主要起到调节本我与超我之间矛盾的作用。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑;">比如：我们感到饥饿，就会选择去买食物。不会哭闹，也不会抢食物。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122079"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: center;margin-bottom: -25px;"><section style="display: flex; align-items: center;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">三</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">：</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">超</strong></section></section><section style="background-color: rgb(227, 22, 22);border-radius: 100%;padding: 4px;margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 30px;height: 30px;text-align: center;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(252, 203, 105);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 236, 172);"><strong data-brushtype="text">我</strong></section></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;width: 30px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 223, 114);border-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; color: rgb(125, 86, 76); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; padding: 40px 25px 15px;"><p style="line-height: 2em;text-indent: 0em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">“超我”处于人格结构的最高层；它是个体对社会规范、价值观念和伦理道德内化的结果；它抑制“本我”的冲动，并对“自我”进行监督和约束；其受“道德原则”支配，追求一种完善的境界。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑;">比如：战士将最后的食物留给了战友。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-indent: 0em;caret-color: red;font-family: 微软雅黑;">电影《八佰》中，军人们舍弃生命，拿起炸药包跳下楼。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">看到这里，你可能会说：“这都是啥？”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">小场面，稳住。大家来看看图片</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">这张图就是著名的“</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">冰山理论</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">”，“意识、前意识和无意识”这些高大上的心理学名词都出现了。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">会不会有小伙伴觉得“大冬天让我看冰山，真是丧心病狂。”</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">我们前面也提到了“</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">自我</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">”是个倒霉鬼、受气包，既要满足本我，还要天天被超我监督。它的工作是真的难做呀，可真是出力不讨好。但是它的这份工作，如果做不好，某人在生活中就会倒大霉。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 100%;height: auto;"></span><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 16px;text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;"></span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="121531" data-width="95%" style="max-width: 95% !important;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 95%;flex: 0 0 95%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(250, 179, 103);overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(250, 179, 103);overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section></section><section style="padding: 15px 10px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(250, 179, 103);margin: -1px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section data-autoskip="1" style="line-height: 1.75em; letter-spacing: 1.5px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><p><span style="color: #974806;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">“本我”受“自我”和 “超我”的控制，“自我”在个体欲望满足过程中起中介和协调作用。但是，“自我”很难既满足“本我”和“超我”的要求，又符合现实原则，必然会遇到一些挫折。为了减轻恐惧、焦虑、紧张等心理压力，使机体免受损失，个体就用投射作用、升华作用、文饰作用、自居作用、压抑作用等行为方式来应付挫折，这就是心理防御机制。</span></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;align-items: flex-end;"><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(250, 179, 103);overflow: hidden;"><br></section></section><section style="flex-shrink: 0;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(250, 179, 103);"><br></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">小伙伴有没有很熟悉“心理防御机制”这个名词，没错没错这就是我之前在文章中介绍过的。</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">投射测验、酸葡萄和甜柠檬效应，</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">就是其中两种不同的心理测验。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">之前只是介绍了“心理防御机制”的定义，它的来源就是这个人格结构理论。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">我们来回答一下，文章标题的问题。到底那个人是我呢？</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><br></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 微软雅黑;">“自我”、“本我”、“超我”之间相互作用，达到某种平衡或者不平衡的状态，就形成了生活中的我们。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 20px;margin-right: 20px;line-height: 2em;"><br></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="122320"><section style="margin: 10px auto;display: flex;justify-content: center;"><section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 35px;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: inherit;width: 100%;display: block;"></span></section><section style="font-size: 16px;color: #da2a2f;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong data-brushtype="text">END</strong></section></section></section></section><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="104418"><section style="margin: 10px auto;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex;justify-content: space-between;"><section style="max-width: 2.5% !important;box-sizing:border-box;display: flex;width: 2.5%;margin-bottom: -8px;" data-width="2.5%"><section style="box-sizing:border-box;margin-top: auto;width: 100%;height: 70%;border-right: 1px solid #bee9e9;border-top: 1px solid #bee9e9;max-width: 100% !important;overflow: hidden;" data-width="100%"><br></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「洛阳阳光心理」，搜索「yangguangxinli995」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/afzw6TJgD7ZwhEwU0NjyRw">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p> 作为AI语言模型，我无法确切回答这个问题。但是这三个概念都是心理学上的概念，它们分别代表了人类心理结构中不同的部分和层次。自我是指个体对自身的认识、评价和意识体验等；本我则代表着潜意识中原始的、本性的冲动和欲望；超我则是指道德和社会规范所建立的良心、责任感和理智等。理解这些概念的区别和联系有助于我们更好地理解自己的心理和行为。
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