一位精神科医生的观察：现在的孩子要成为一个心理健康的人究竟有多难？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><blockquote class="js_blockquote_wrap" data-type="2" data-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="70" data-source-title=""><section class="js_blockquote_digest"><section><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“内卷焦虑”与“空心病”似乎成为当下青少年们的标签，在愈加严苛的竞争压力下，他们逐渐丧失了对自我价值的寻找，沦落为功利教育思想下的受害者。</span></section></section></blockquote><p><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;width: 578px;height: 385px;"></span></p><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;"> <br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); visibility: visible;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);">01 </span></strong><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-size: 18px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;visibility: visible;">当下凸显的青少年心理健康问题</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;">心理健康问题正在向中小学蔓延。我想，疫情之后，我们正在经历一个伟大的时代的变迁，无论是国际关系，还是各种制度的变化，比如近期各种教育政策的改革。<br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;"><br style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;">自去年疫情后复学，中小学的心理健康问题就突然爆发，变得非常严重，极端事件也发生了很多。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em; visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;visibility: visible;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">对此，教育部、国家卫健委等也都非常重视，出台了一系列政策文件，加强中小学心理健康工作。<br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">北京安定医院郑毅教授的团队还发表了一份“中国儿童青少年精神障碍流行病学调查”的研究，数据显示，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">有17.5%的青少年在一年之内就患有某一种精神障碍。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">那么，这些问题为什么会凸显出来？</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section data-mpa-template="t" style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><blockquote data-type="2" data-url="" data-author-name="" data-content-utf8-length="70" data-source-title="" style="outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section data-mpa-template="t" style="outline: 0px;"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">到2005年，中国的焦虑障碍患病率是13%，美国是18.1%；<br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">中国抑郁障碍患病率是6%，美国是9.5%；<br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">如果看终身患病率美国会占到50%。</span></section></section></section></section></blockquote></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">所以，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">这个时代我们的物质越来越丰富，但是精神障碍患病率却在增加。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">一年多前，我在网上做了一份社交网络上“丧文化”的调查，共收到2371位大学生的反馈。可以看到，感觉自己非常迷茫的、困惑的、沮丧消沉的比例非常之高，孤独、无力、挫败、焦虑不安，这些都跟“丧”的感受非常密切，然后“非常丧”和“比较丧”的比例超过了20%。所以从“丧文化”，到“躺平”、“佛系”这些词都非常流行。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">而这种“丧”的来源有学业和工作压力，同辈的竞争，人际关系等等，所以压力是一个非常重要的原因。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">在对中小学生的调查也发现了类似的情况，中科院心理所做的国民心理健康的研究发现，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">26.4%的中小学生有抑郁的状况。这和我自己在公立学校、国际学校调查的结果也是相似的。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-size: 18px;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">02 空心病：价值观缺失所致的精神障碍</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">在6年前，我做了一个“时代空心病和焦虑经济学”的演讲。焦虑经济学说的是这个世界上，没有什么比焦虑和恐惧更好卖的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">今年铺天盖地的在线教育广告中，有一句我印象很深刻的广告词——“您来，我们培养您的孩子，您不来，我们培养您孩子的竞争对手！”这是赤裸裸的恐吓。这些逐利的资本疯狂追求利润，垄断正是导致教育的内卷和剧场效应原因之一。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">在这样的情况下，我就观察到，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">无论是中小学生，还是大学生都可能出现出现了空心病的状况，我也把它叫做“价值观缺失所致精神障碍”。</strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">它有这么几种主要表现：</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">抑郁</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">有空心病表现者，大都有抑郁症状表现。所以常常被精神科医师诊断抑郁症。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">而现在的抑郁发生率高达26.4%，是特别可怕的事情。</strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">想想看，假设一个班级40个人，其中有超过10个人会到病理性抑郁的程度。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">实际上，无论是国际学校，还是公立学校，越是所谓的好学校，这种比例就越高，而且服药效果并不是很好。原因是什么呢？</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">因为孩子的问题不在生物层面。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">孤独</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">然后现在的青少年有强烈的孤独感和无意义感，感觉人生没有价值和意义。来到我这儿咨询的一半以上都是儿童青少年，尤其是中学生，他们坐在沙发上，说人生没有什么价值和意义，对任何事情都无感，没有什么事情能让他们感到开心快乐。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">世界上这么多好吃的、好玩的、美好的和幸福的东西，都不能打动他们。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">他们感觉自己和这个世界没有联系，觉得世界可有可无，自己也可有可无，也因此很容易去轻易地放弃自己。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">与其说是因为抑郁引发了这种感受，还不如说是这样的感受引发了抑郁。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(53, 142, 119);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">自我缺失</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">在这种孤独感的背后，是长期没有解决的自我认同问题，缺少支撑他们生活下去的积极的价值观。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我是谁？我要成为什么样的人？我从哪里来？要到哪里去？人的价值和意义是什么？</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">在青少年期，有这种困惑还是很常见的，因为自我发展本身就包含自我同一性、自我认同的问题，这个我不觉得是病态。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">但问题在于这种状况在这些孩子身上可能持续很长时间，甚至可能持续一生，对人造成很大的困扰。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(53, 142, 119);"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: inline;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">外部认同</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">那么，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">在自我缺失的情况下，孩子只能从别人的肯定当中看到自己的价值，所以就拼命追求别人对自己的肯定。</strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">那怎么能被肯定，就是成为别人希望你成为的人。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">别人是谁？是父母，是老师。老师希望他做乖学生，他就做乖学生，保持良好的人际关系，让所有人都喜欢自己。但是这样活着特别累，因为活在别人给的人设里，不是自己想要的样子，也为取悦所有人而活。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(53, 142, 119);"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: inline;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">被评价的恐惧</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">寻求外部认同久了，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">每天都在被评价（考试成绩，排名）以后，又会产生对被评价的恐惧。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">大概在16年的春季学期，我和一些我认为有空心病特征的同学做团体咨询。这些各方面都很优秀的同学说：请不要夸赞我，肯定我，“你现在可以肯定我，下次就可能会否定我，我们讨厌被评判。”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">对孩子来说，从小到大被评价，到处参加考试，一路一直考第一就很爽吗？不是的。你知道比考第一更难的是什么吗？是每次都考第一。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">所以每次考出好成绩以后，孩子的恐惧感反而更强了，因为好名次太容易失去。</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">到最后学习就和焦虑，恐惧联系在一起，以致于对学习产生厌恶。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(53, 142, 119);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></strong></strong><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(53, 142, 119);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></strong></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">自杀倾向</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我曾经认识一个国际学校的学生，他的目标就考到美国的藤校，在国际学校念高三的时候，他也一直是班里的第一名。然后有一天，他妈妈联系我，说他走了，用在学校学到的知识，给自己注射了毒药，结束了生命。在这之前他每天学到4:30，学习到崩溃，他终于不想再继续这样的生活了。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所以，我们现在的这种教育，直接导致了学生越来越大的压力，我们也越来越背离教育的本质，导致孩子们产生了严重的心理问题。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-1" style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); list-style-type: square;"><li style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><p style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 18px;">自我否定和厌恶</span></strong></span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">美国的特朗普是一个特别极端的例子，大家戏称他为懂王。他每天都在全世界面前夸自己，非常自恋，美国的精神病学家都诊断他是自恋型人格。但是从某种意义上说，一个人喜欢自己，肯定自己是更符合人性的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所以当我最初接触一些个案的时候，觉得很奇怪，因为那些孩子在我眼里都是金光闪闪的，有太有优点，太多美好的东西，但是他们却厌恶自己，甚至到要自杀的程度。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">可以看到，成绩好、人缘好，这些现实的成功并不能够带来自我的肯定，这是为什么呢？</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">在跟他们进一步交流以后，我才知道，其实是因为他们觉得自己一直在做没有价值和意义的事。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">我们会觉得，考第一了，拿国际奥赛金牌了，还没有意义吗？但他们不这么想，他们想的是，我考90分还不够，要考95分，最好100分。但为了这10分，他们可能要花10倍的时间去做应试的练习。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">可是他们心里又知道，提高分数这件事本身没有意义，只是为了提高分数，考上所谓的名校，不得不学，都是功利思想。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(96, 96, 96); letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(53, 142, 119);"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">在这些逻辑之下，现在青少年的抑郁病史都较长，有的从小学就开始了。而且不仅对生物治疗不敏感或者无效，传统的心理治疗疗效也不佳。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-size: 18px;"><span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">03 理解当代青少年的障碍和误区</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所以，孩子们越是自省，反而会觉得越痛苦。因为很多问题它不是在生物层面的，也不是心理层面的，而是社会层面、教育层面的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">那么，把教育或者社会问题医疗化就能解决吗？孩子有了空心病，就去看医生，吃药，就能治好吗？看病吃药只能解决一点点问题，比如短期内改善睡眠和情绪。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">就像雾霾严重的时候，不治理雾霾，只靠呼吸内科是解决不了根本问题的。如果教育和社会的根本问题不解决，都是隔靴搔痒，所以国家出台整治过度资本化的校外辅导，是解决当下青少年心理健康问题的德政，我非常支持。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">那为什么青少年会心理危机频发？其中一个原因就是现代化的进程本身就在不断改变社会的规范</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">，而中国仅用40年就走完了西方国家100多年的现代化进程，其中变化之剧烈可想而知。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);">1.价值观多元化</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我有个朋友是大学的教授、博导，孩子上初三了，拒绝上学，父母很着急就来找我。他说，现在的孩子真是无法理解，竟然说他们这些教授、博导头脑简单。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我就跟他说，其实我觉得你儿子说得有道理。我们都是70后。我们上学时候的价值观很简单，就是红旗下生，红旗下长，五讲四美三热爱，学习雷锋好榜样。我自己的偶像就是周总理，我认同的人生价值和意义就是为中华崛起而读书。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 9px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">但现在的青少年生活在一个价值观多元化的世界，尤其有了互联网以后，他们可以接触各种各样的知识，变得很早熟。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">不是说生理上早熟，而是心理上。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">他们可能初中就开始读叔本华等著名哲学家的著作。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">所以他们的价值观是多元化的，多元化就意味着选择和比较，我们的孩子比我们这一代人辛苦，也更难更需要价值观引导。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">2.父母和孩子的代际差异</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我还遇到过一个想要自杀的高中生，她的父母特别着急带她过来。我就问他们，什么是幸福。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">这对60后父母就是通过小镇做题家的方式，一路做到大学教授，他们觉得幸福就是吃饱穿暖。女儿一听就急了，因为她从来没有吃不饱、穿不暖的经历，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">对她来说，幸福就是父母能够和她平等尊重地对话，她自己对生活有一定的决定权。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">不要说两代人的差异，就算是一代人也会有隔阂。比如我是某个游戏的粉丝，一类书的粉丝，这种亚文化圈之间也有价值观的差异。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">3.评价体系极其单一</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">虽然我们的文化环境是多元的，但是对学生的评价体系却只有成绩，这就是荒谬的。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">我觉得如果教育有一个评价标准的话，那最应该评价的就是立德树人。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">从心理学的角度来说，一个人的态度是第一位的，其次才是技能和知识。但现在的评价体系，连技能都不一定要有，只有知识。做实验你都不需要会做，只要考试考得好就行。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所以，当成绩成为评价孩子的唯一标准，那么为了争这个好成绩，孩子的压力就越来越大，抗击风险的能力越来越薄弱，孩子成为了整个社会压力的最终承载者，难免不出问题。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">4.功利化的教育</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">在西方，空心病的起源和经济发展有密切的关系。上世纪六七十年代，欧美社会经济发展了，物质生活丰富了，但是灵魂却丢了。在物质主义、消费主义的思想下，什么都可以买卖，但是人们却丢掉了自己的精神信仰。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">那么在中国，空心病还有个重要因素就是资本化和功利化的教育。</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">分数、升学率都成为教育GDP的指标，都会被转化为经济收入。学校、机构出名了，就可以收很高的择校费、代班费，然后就成为一门产业。这样一来，就忽视了对人的培养和价值观的教育，导致空心病愈演愈烈。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">为什么我们现在说有很多孩子成了精致利己主义者，就是因为有精致利己主义的家长和老师。</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">从一些标语中就能看到这种思想，比如“提高一分，干掉千人”，把其他同学都当成敌人，学习变成了危机之源，这是多么荒谬的价值观。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(96, 96, 96);letter-spacing: 0.5px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 1.75em;"><br></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>04 </strong></span><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><span style="outline: 0px; font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-size: 18px;"><span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;"> <strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; outline: 0px;"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;">预防胜于治疗</span></strong></span></strong></span><strong style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-size: 18px;"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;">我们需要怎样的教育观</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">最后，我想谈一点解决方法。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">第一，我觉得人类始终需要一种智慧，知道财富的意义是什么。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我认识一位瑞士朋友，她对我的教育观影响很大。当时她来中国访问，我们都恰好在读博士，我问她研究的内容是什么。她说是中世纪失传的一种古拉丁语的分支。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我问她，学这么生僻的一个领域，瑞士国家也不大，毕业以后可以干什么呢？毕竟这个专业听起来不是很有用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">她告诉我，整个瑞士和她这个专业相关的工作职位只有一个，那就是她导师的工作。但是只要她的导师不退休，她就只能做导师的助教，做一个临时工。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我继续问，那你怎么会愿意去做一个挣不到钱的工作呢？至少要保证自己的基本生活吧？她说因为她喜欢这个专业。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 578px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">然后我也意识到，瑞士很富裕，公民基本都不缺钱。</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">而钱也让我们多了一些选择的自由，这就是财富的意义。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">比如说我们这代70后，我现在积累了一点财富，我对我女儿表达爱的方式是什么？不是让她去买什么车子房子，而是让她可以想学什么就学什么。哪怕这个专业挣钱不多，但是只要她喜欢就好。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">所以物质基础就是让我们有更多选择的自由，让我们能够以不功利的态度去学习，从自己的兴趣、价值、意义的角度去选择。</span></strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">上大学不是为了找高薪的工作，上名牌大学也不是为了一定要进四大行。<br style="outline: 0px;"></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">所以人除了生物和心理以外，还要有精神层面的追求，越是优秀的人可能越不是物质或者金钱能够满足的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">第二，是要回归本心和良知。</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">我的博士论文是在监狱做的研究，有些寻衅滋事的罪犯会被关进单人牢房，饭来张口，衣来伸手，但就是没有人和他说话。一个礼拜还行，但两个礼拜人就崩溃了，保证书、检讨书就写出来了。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">可是历史上有很多革命斗士，能够经受这种精神折磨，比如江姐，方志敏，也包括纳尔逊·曼德拉等。为什么他们没有崩溃，我觉得很简单，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">就是因为他们有理想和信仰，知道自己在做一件有意义的事。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">所以，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">理想、信仰、价值观对一个人的支撑作用是非常重要和强大的。</strong></span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">中国人怎么看本心和良知？中国人说，良知是人与生俱来的观念。比如孔子说：“大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。”孟子说：“仁义礼智，非由外铄我也，我固有之也，弗思耳矣。”王阳明作了总结阐述，就是不虑而知，不学而能，所谓良知。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"> <br style="outline: 0px;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(96, 96, 96);color: rgb(96, 96, 96);text-align: center;border-radius: 1px;display: initial;visibility: visible !important;width: 546px !important;"></span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><br style="outline: 0px;"></section><section style="margin-right: 16px; margin-left: 16px; outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); line-height: 2em;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">所以我觉得，</span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(43, 161, 157);"><strong style="outline: 0px;">当</strong><strong style="outline: 0px;">你物质没有满足的时候，就先吃饱穿暖；当物质满足之后，我们就要升级心灵，去让自己做有价值和意义的事情。</strong></span><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;">中国文化讲究天人合一，能不能帮助别人，对社群，对国家，对民族有贡献，这就是我们的意义。</span></span></section><p style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><br style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">比如我是一个科学家，那么我就用自己的科学技术来解决困扰人类的问题，提高人们的生活水平和幸福度。所以在这样一个焦虑的时代，找到自己的良知，可以让自己的内心更加强大，也能寻找到自己的幸福。</span></p><p style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">本文为作者在<span style="outline: 0px; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">“华夏基金·2021哈佛AUSCR中美学生领袖峰会”上的主题演讲。</span></span></p><p style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"><span style="outline: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">来源：<span style="outline: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; widows: 1;">外滩教育（ID：TBEducation）</span></span></p><section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp"><mp-common-profile class="js_uneditable custom_select_card mp_profile_iframe" data-pluginname="mpprofile" data-id="MjM5NDgzODgzNQ==" data-headimg="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/vzupVAe4s5hcY4SMZj5wg8CJetg0OR0c7Zf7BXBAoGVmqibCMibZ6UVhW5ljmX54vZ9UjOy48nk3Vr9mdDxgqQaw/0?wx_fmt=png" data-nickname="中国教育三十人论坛" data-alias="ce30ce" data-signature="中国教育三十人论坛是非营利性的独立教育智库，专注于中国教育问题的研究。坚持理性、建设性、前瞻性、国际性的理念，凝聚社会共识，推动教育改革。" data-from="0" data-is_biz_ban="0"></mp-common-profile></section><section style="outline: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section powered-by="xiumi.us" style="outline: 0px;"><section style="outline: 0px;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;"><strong style="outline: 0px;caret-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 1px;">关注教育 | 就是关注中国未来</strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; outline: 0px;"><br style="outline: 0px; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></section><p><br></p><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明：本文转载自「中国教育三十人论坛」，搜索「ce30ce」即可关注，[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VMQ8-B_3OU9DYoCrhDVMhw">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
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