gongyi020 发表于 2024-4-24 20:52:26

社会建设 | 未成年人欺凌防控工作制度重在落实

<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="line-height: 2; letter-spacing: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></span></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; color: rgb(76, 119, 195); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会建设</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">校园欺凌是世界性的问题,在我国并非没有防控欺凌的制度,但主要问题在于落实得不够好。必须立足长远采取综合性的措施,确保未成年人欺凌防控工作制度落实到位,争取尽快取得实效。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="color: rgb(141, 141, 141); padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文 :</strong>《综合措施防范校园欺凌》</p><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者 |</strong> 上海政法学院教授    汤啸天</p><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片 |</strong> 网络</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 18px;height: 18px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;<a href=" https:="" mmbiz.qpic.cn="" mmbiz_gif="" gnrxjk0gitoscplpqybgxzndcjdfnssliambjhtnbekienvm7iqvrm1dqrpiblhephkia6u6l1d1u83yozai4ibx0q="" 640?wx_fmt="gif" ""="" target="_blank">https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ ... 40?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: scroll;background-size: contain !important;box-sizing: border-box;"&gt;<svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;isolation: isolate;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 10px 10px 6px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(180, 221, 255) -3px -3px 0px inset;padding: 5px 10px;background-color: rgb(222, 240, 255);align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; opacity: 0.66; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;line-height: 0;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 94.8 7.9" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;" width="100%"><path d="M62.2,7.9H4c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4v0c0-2.2,1.8-4,4-4l58.2,0c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4v0C66.2,6.1,64.4,7.9,62.2,7.9z" fill="rgb(255, 252, 239)"></path><path d="M90.9,7.9H78.6c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4v0c0-2.2,1.8-4,4-4l12.3,0c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4v0C94.8,6.1,93.1,7.9,90.9,7.9z" fill="rgb(255, 252, 239)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(44, 90, 160); padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">欺凌案件高发具有隐性社会背景</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right; margin-top: -5px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 17px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 42.1 48.9" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;" width="100%"><path d="M42.1,0L7.5,47.3C5.1,50.5,0,48.8,0,44.8v-1.9L31.5,0H42.1z" fill="rgb(180,221,255)"></path><polygon points="31.5,0 0,42.9 0,0" fill="rgb(222,240,255)"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">从全社会的角度看,网络语言中出现了涉及“霸”字的新词汇,不少人对“霸”字产生了错误的理解,甚至认为“霸就是爽”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">更加令人担忧的是,不知何人生造了“霸凌”一词,用于描述校园内外的欺凌事件。其实,我国《未成年人保护法》第130条明文规定:学生欺凌,是指发生在学生之间,一方蓄意或者恶意通过肢体、语言及网络等手段实施欺压、侮辱,造成另一方人身伤害、财产损失或者精神损害的行为。显而易见,欺凌意指欺压侮辱的行为,欺凌的表述中明确含有对该种行为的否定性评价和谴责。生造词“霸凌”既有违法律的规定,也有“为霸而凌”的误导作用,成为某些学生“求霸”心理的依据。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">汉语中的“霸”字在不同场合应用时具有不同的词性,应当予以正确的宣传。</p></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;isolation: isolate;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 10px 10px 6px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-shadow: rgb(180, 221, 255) -3px -3px 0px inset;padding: 5px 10px;background-color: rgb(222, 240, 255);align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; opacity: 0.66; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;flex: 0 0 0%;height: auto;line-height: 0;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 94.8 7.9" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;" width="100%"><path d="M62.2,7.9H4c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4v0c0-2.2,1.8-4,4-4l58.2,0c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4v0C66.2,6.1,64.4,7.9,62.2,7.9z" fill="rgb(255, 252, 239)"></path><path d="M90.9,7.9H78.6c-2.2,0-4-1.8-4-4v0c0-2.2,1.8-4,4-4l12.3,0c2.2,0,4,1.8,4,4v0C94.8,6.1,93.1,7.9,90.9,7.9z" fill="rgb(255, 252, 239)"></path></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(44, 90, 160); padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">未成年人欺凌防控工作制度重在落实</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right; margin-top: -5px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 17px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 42.1 48.9" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;" width="100%"><path d="M42.1,0L7.5,47.3C5.1,50.5,0,48.8,0,44.8v-1.9L31.5,0H42.1z" fill="rgb(180,221,255)"></path><polygon points="31.5,0 0,42.9 0,0" fill="rgb(222,240,255)"></polygon></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">治理校园欺凌需要学校、家庭、社会、司法等各方面的努力,按照“教育为先、预防为主、保护为本、法治为基”的原则,从法律、道德、宣传教育、行为规制等途径共同发力,在法治的轨道上实现未成年人欺凌防控工作制度化运行。为此,笔者建议如下。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(203, 57, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">防控未成年人欺凌要立足于防早、防小</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">未成年人欺凌并不一定是严重的暴力行为,不宜孤立、机械地仅仅将身体上的“伤情鉴定”视为后果。绝大多数校园欺凌,对被欺凌者心理造成的伤害远远大于对其身体的伤害。为此,对非暴力的语言、社交、网络、财物等欺凌行为必须立足于防早、防小、防患于未然,才能防控恶性欺凌案件少发生或者不发生。学校对于学生或者家长报告的较轻微的欺凌事件,不能有不耐烦的态度,必须防微杜渐认真及时处理。为把普法教育同人民群众日用而不觉的共同价值观念融通起来,学校、家庭、社会都应当强化“尊重他人就是尊重自己”的宣传。要通过各种方式让未成年人明白,在任何情况下,都不能把欺凌他人作为宣泄自身压力的渠道。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国《未成年人保护法》第39条规定:“对实施欺凌的未成年学生,学校应当根据欺凌行为的性质和程度,依法加强管教。对严重的欺凌行为,学校不得隐瞒,应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告,并配合相关部门依法处理。”学校不得隐瞒已经发生的欺凌事件,应当是办学的底线。学生在遭遇到欺凌者首次攻击时,有权利果断选择告诉家长、老师或者直接报警。学校对学生选择报警的,应当予以尊重。坚决杜绝形式主义地搞“无欺凌校园”。教育主管部门、综治办、平安办等机构应当优化考核指标体系,防止校方对欺凌事件“能捂则捂”“能瞒则瞒”。对瞒报欺凌事件的,应当予以比发生欺凌事件更重的处分。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(203, 57, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">督促家庭共同承担防控未成年人欺凌责任</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">防控欺凌是学校与家长的共同责任,应当充分利用家校合作机制,落实防控措施。实施欺凌者构成犯罪,达到刑事责任年龄的应当负相应的刑事责任。欺凌尚不构成刑事犯罪,已经触犯《治安管理处罚法》相关规定的,应予处罚。自2021年3月1日起施行的《中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)》已经明文规定对“打骂同学、老师,欺凌同学或者侵害他人合法权益的”,可以实施教育惩戒。未成年学生实施欺凌行为,造成受害者人身、财产或者其他损害的,家长必须依法承担民事责任。具体包括医疗费、护理费、交通费、营养费、住院伙食补助费等为治疗和康复支出的合理费用,以及因误工减少的收入。受害人的姓名权、肖像权、名誉权、荣誉权受到侵害时,受害人可以要求实施欺凌者赔偿物质损害和精神损害,承担消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉等民事责任。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(203, 57, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">正确解读宣传法律对正当防卫的规定</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">消除对未成年人普法教育中“不必要讲解正当防卫条款”的偏见,正确、全面、生动、具体地向学生解释正当防卫的构成和注意事项。大力宣传“法不能向不法让步”的理念,特别是教师和负责校园安全工作的同志不能片面地认为“只要还手就是互殴”。发生一般欺凌事件,学校有权力也有责任对实施欺凌的学生进行批评教育,通知家长严加管束并承担经济责任。对情节比较恶劣的严重欺凌事件,学校在对实施欺凌学生进行批评教育的同时,可邀请公安机关参与警示教育或对实施欺凌学生予以训诫。涉及违反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪的学生欺凌事件,处置以公安机关、人民法院、人民检察院为主,学校应当消除“丢丑”心理,全力予以配合。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(203, 57, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">全面落实防控欺凌工作的各项规章制度</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">目前,学校对防控欺凌已经有相应的规章制度,但离全面落实还有一定的差距。防控欺凌工作的各项规章制度必须落到实处,防止学生欺凌事件应急处置预案、学生欺凌早期预警和处理流程等规章制度“挂在墙上、说在嘴上”。尤其是,必须经常检查教职工防控欺凌的职责落实情况,防患于未然。对校园视频监控系统、紧急报警装置接入公安机关、校园安全网上巡查机制等运行责任必须落实到人,防止“用时方知出故障”。</p></section><section style="padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); padding-right: 2px; padding-left: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;">文章为社会科学报“思想工坊”融媒体原创出品,原载于社会科学报第1898期第3版,未经允许禁止转载,文中内容仅代表作者观点,不代表本报立场。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: right; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;">本期责编:王立尧</p><p style="text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="wxart_image" wx-style="display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></span></section></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p><br>转载声明:本文转载自「社会科学报社」,搜索「shehuikexuebao」即可关注,[<a target="_blank" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Qh5apw6czpYkrAzNxiXe7A">阅读原文</a>]。</div><p></p>
页: [1]
查看完整版本: 社会建设 | 未成年人欺凌防控工作制度重在落实