从问题导向来看,如何与甲方合作搞社区治理?
<div style="max-width:677px !important;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 43%;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(55, 55, 93);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 10px 0% -50px; transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px); box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 110px;height: 80px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url('https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/20/45d3b6c11d121a2f518b651571cbfb8b.png');box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">题记</p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 16px; text-align: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0%; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 98%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 4px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url('https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/20/c70456c7731f96f3cbf3e94335a4996f.png');box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">第一次不披官方马甲说话,有种放飞自我的感觉。回想2008年时曾在青翼论坛发过一篇帖子,叫做《一线社工两年体会》。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">10年之后重新为初入门社工写东西,也不确定是否能懂小鲜肉们的心。在政府部门呆了多年,也想从一个跨界的身份谈谈如何合作治理的问题。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;text-align: center;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 14px;padding: 3px 10px;margin-bottom: -1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">以下是正文</p></section><section style="height: 2.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-45deg);-o-transform: rotate(-45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-left: -3px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;float: right;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: -5px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: -0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: -3px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: -6px;float: right;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">目前在佛山谈社区治理,往往是各部门掏钱,为社区买社区发展项目,或者是专项的治理项目,就算是广州也大多是街道掏钱。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">那么,社区不是服务购买者,社工怎么协同出资方、社区以及其他的多元主体搞社区治理?特别是现在许多社区还不知道社工能做什么的情况下。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">接下来,从问题导向出发,分享一下个人经验心得。首先我们需要先明确大家共同关注的问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么要谈问题</p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这确实是个问题。社工们最喜欢谈需求,比如需求导向、需求为本,但政府是问题导向。比如:</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">社工会问:案主需要什么、社区需要什么?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">政府会问:现在社区面临的问题是什么?现在最重要的问题是什么?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在对话的时候,我们必须要学会甲方的话语体系。</strong>我认为,在时间尺度上说,需求是远期目标,问题是现实目标。我们必须把握现在,并将方向导引向未来。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">也就是说:抓住的问题必须是能够对标需求的,特别是能够对标“社区需求”。社会工作者的主阵地是社区,工作目标是实现社区的善治,而不仅是个人的需求满足。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题的分类</p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作为新手社工,虽然还没有进社区门,但必须要有系统的视角,或者说上帝的视角(以下分类没有科学的逻辑,仅从经验角度分享)。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">所谓社区问题,从内涵来说有表面的问题、深层次的问题,而这里的表面问题,是指已经被相关群体观测到,并且已经开始在内部讨论的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">比如,某个老旧小区目前没有停车位,这是个表面问题。深层次问题是指没有被观测到,也不会爆发出冲突,但会影响社区发展的问题。某个新小区人际关系冷漠,这就是个深层次问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从涉及群体而言,有个体问题、公共利益问题、社会问题。具体内容分别如下:</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">个体问题</strong>,是指解决后只有部分家庭受益的问题,比如某个小区有部分痴呆老人易走失。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共利益问题</strong>,是指某个问题后会有利于大部分甚至全部的社区家庭,比如小区的路灯年久失修。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会问题</strong>,则指目前存在的制度性、结构性问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一个好的问题,一定是同时符合表面问题以及涉及公共利益的问题,这样才能最广泛调动社区资源和社区两委参与。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">如何发现问题</p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作为一名新手社工,如果你不是本地人,甚至不是本专业,但是你想要找准问题。我想你需要这样的建议:</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.从社区书记那发现问题,要带着提纲来问。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">比如:近期您跟进的重点项目有哪些,头疼的工作有哪些,社区的重点问题有哪些?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">为什么强调找社区书记?因为社区治理是系统工程,要和伙伴们特别是原有治理系统中的核心推动者达成共识,才能够动员社区的治理者共同行动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.从重点工作中找问题。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">村居三年的工作总结不会直接告诉你问题是什么,但是聪明的你肯定能从重点工作中知道他们曾经关注什么?有什么工作是一直在延续推进?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">只有将我们需要解决的问题放在系统治理的视野下,或者换句话说,将自己要解决的问题和社区的重点工作结合起来,才能够有更多的资源。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">另外,听几次班子会、找政府工作报告读下、找政策文件看下也是很好的发现问题方法。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">做社区治理最关键是奔着问题去,而且必须要找社区认可的问题去,这才是社区治理的立足点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">哪些问题是好问题</p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">好的问题必须能够动员人、动员资源,并能够培育出社区社会组织或者是形成资源的常态动员机制、问题的解决机制。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">个人认为以下问题是好问题:社区安全问题、社区环保问题。这些问题是常规议题,到每个社区都会存在,只是需要进一步分解。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">比如,社区安全问题包括治安问题、安全生产问题、出租屋管理问题、食品安全问题、交通安全问题等等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">再比如,社区环保问题则包括垃圾围城问题、社区美化问题、老旧小区更新问题、河涌整治问题等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">当然还有一些小区存在冲突性的矛盾,比如与物业的冲突、邻避运动等,新手社工如果恰逢其时,而且又正好掌握了动员人的技术,掌握了矛盾纠纷化解技巧,那么C位留给你了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">小结</p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 12px; padding-left: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">有人认为,社工就是要做兜底性服务,服务到了自然就能促进治理。但我们必须考虑社会工作的本土化,王思斌老师在很久之前就在提社会工作的“嵌入”性发展,找准问题共同发力,才是真正的嵌入。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最后一句是:社会工作者的专业,在于能够更好与居民沟通,能够动员居民参与,能够链接资源,能够孵化组织,从而解决社区问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;border-style: none;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(5, 5, 5);box-shadow: rgb(105, 104, 104) 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="display: inline-block;height: 2em;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(211, 0, 0);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介:陈曾悦</p></section><section style="width: 0.5em;display: inline-block;height: 2em;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(211, 0, 0);border-top: 1em solid rgb(211, 0, 0);border-right: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 27px;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(211, 0, 0);border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3em;height: 3em;border-radius: 100%;overflow: hidden;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-image: url('https://www.gongyi020.com/data/attachment/forum/202104/20/3b2851742e5f79d47b321b22fd482f24.jpeg');box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><span></span></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">陈曾悦,中山大学社会工作硕士,3年一线社工服务经历,4年市级部门政策创制经历,3年社会治理政策创制经历。熟悉老年服务、老年福利政策、社会治理政策和义工服务。</p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><span style="font-size: 16px;">来源:社工ABC(shegongabc)图片来源网络</span></section><div style="font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><br></div></section>
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